20 Security Guard Duties & Responsibilities Every Property Manager Should Know

Security guards do far more than stand watch. Professional security officers perform a wide range of duties, from surveillance and access control to emergency response and customer service, that keep properties, employees, and visitors safe.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), security guards and surveillance officers held approximately 1.27 million jobs nationwide in 2024, making them essential to protecting businesses across every industry.

This comprehensive guide covers the 20 core duties of professional security officers and how they contribute to a safe, secure environment.

Core Security Guard Responsibilities

Monitoring & Surveillance

1. Monitor Premises and Surroundings

Security guards observe properties and their surroundings to detect unusual activities before they escalate into incidents. This includes:

• Watching for suspicious behavior or unauthorized individuals
• Identifying unattended packages or potential hazards
• Monitoring high-traffic areas for signs of criminal activity
• Staying alert during all hours, including overnight shifts

At Building Security Services, our officers receive extensive training on situational awareness, the skill of recognizing threats before they develop.

Learn more about what guards look for on patrol.

2. Operate Surveillance Equipment

Modern security involves technology. Guards work with:

• CCTV cameras. Monitoring live feeds and responding to alerts
• PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras. Tracking movement across large areas
• Access control systems. Managing electronic entry points
• Alarm panels. Responding to security and fire alerts

“Technology is a force multiplier, but it doesn’t replace trained eyes on the ground. Our officers know how to use surveillance systems effectively while maintaining the personal presence that deters crime.” – Joseph Ferdinando, Founder, Building Security Services

3. Conduct Safety Inspections

Regular inspections catch problems before they become incidents:

• Testing locks, doors, and gates during patrols
• Verifying fire alarms, smoke detectors, and sprinklers are functional
• Checking that emergency lighting works properly
• Inspecting security cameras and reporting equipment issues

For more on equipment, see our security guard tools and equipment list.

Access Control & Crowd Management

4. Control Access to Restricted Areas

Preventing unauthorized entry is a fundamental security duty:

• Verifying identification and credentials at entry points
• Managing visitor sign-in logs and escort requirements
• Ensuring doors remain locked to restricted areas
• Issuing and tracking temporary access badges

5. Manage Building Entry Points

Security officers stationed at entrances serve as the first line of defense:

• Greeting visitors and directing them appropriately
• Screening for prohibited items when required
• Denying entry to unauthorized individuals
• Coordinating with tenants about expected guests

Building Security Services provides specialized concierge and doorman services that combine security with hospitality, especially important for Class A office buildings and luxury residential properties.

6. Crowd Management and Event Security

Large gatherings require trained crowd control:

• Directing foot traffic to prevent bottlenecks
• Identifying aggressive individuals before situations escalate
• Guiding evacuations during emergencies
• Enforcing venue rules and policies

Our event security services are tailored to concerts, corporate gatherings, and large-scale public events.

Patrol & Response

7. Patrol Assigned Areas

Regular patrols are essential for deterrence and detection:

• Following randomized patrol routes to prevent predictability
• Checking all access points, stairwells, and parking areas
• Documenting patrol completion with checkpoint systems
• Identifying and reporting maintenance issues

A randomized controlled trial published in PLOS ONE found that directed patrol by uniformed security agents significantly reduced crime at target locations, confirming that visible patrol is one of the most effective deterrents for commercial properties (Ariel et al., 2016).

8. Respond to Alarms

When alarms trigger, guards must act quickly:

• Investigating the source of the alarm
• Determining whether it’s a false alarm or genuine threat
• Notifying emergency services when necessary
• Documenting the incident thoroughly

9. Handle Emergencies

Security officers are often first responders:

• Activating fire alarms and initiating evacuations
• Providing first aid if certified (CPR, AED use)
• Securing the scene until emergency services arrive
• Coordinating with police, fire, and EMS personnel

“When seconds count, having trained security on-site makes all the difference. Our officers train regularly on emergency protocols specific to each property they protect.” – Amanda DeAlmeida, Executive Vice President, Building Security Services

Learn more about creating an emergency action plan for your property.

10. Traffic and Parking Management

Many security posts include vehicle management:

• Directing vehicles in parking garages and lots
• Enforcing parking regulations
• Clearing paths for emergency vehicles
• Assisting with loading dock security

Rule Enforcement & Conflict Resolution

11. Enforce Company Policies

Guards ensure compliance with property rules:

• Addressing policy violations professionally
• Issuing warnings when appropriate
• Escalating serious violations to management
• Documenting all enforcement actions

Understanding the legal responsibilities and liabilities of security guard services is important for both guards and property managers.

12. De-escalate Conflicts

Trained guards resolve situations without force:

• Using calm communication to diffuse tension
• Listening to all parties involved
• Finding solutions that maintain safety
• Knowing when to call for backup or police

Effective communication skills are among the most critical tools a security professional can develop.

13. Remove Unauthorized Individuals

When necessary, guards must:

• Issue trespass warnings lawfully
• Escort unauthorized persons off property
• Document the encounter for legal purposes
• Coordinate with law enforcement for repeat offenders

For a deeper look at legal boundaries, read Can Security Guards Detain You?

Protection & Assistance

14. Protect Physical Assets

Beyond people, guards protect property:

• Monitoring high-value areas and equipment
• Preventing theft, vandalism, and sabotage
• Tracking asset movement and deliveries
• Investigating suspicious shortages

15. Escort Individuals

Security escorts ensure safe passage:

• Accompanying employees to vehicles after dark
• Escorting VIPs through crowded areas
• Walking bank deposits or cash transfers
• Providing after-hours building access for authorized personnel

16. Assist Guests and Visitors

Customer service is part of modern security:

• Providing directions and building information
• Helping visitors with mobility challenges
• Answering general inquiries
• Creating a welcoming yet secure environment

Read about the receptionist’s role in security and how front-desk functions support overall building safety.

Documentation & Reporting

17. Write Incident Reports

Thorough documentation protects everyone:

• Recording what happened, when, and who was involved
• Including witness statements when available
• Preserving evidence (photos, video clips)
• Completing reports before end of shift

For guidance, see our security guard incident report example and checklist.

18. Maintain Security Logs

Daily activity logs create an audit trail:

• Recording patrol times and observations
• Documenting visitor entries and exits
• Noting any unusual occurrences
• Preparing shift handover notes

19. Report Safety Hazards

Guards identify risks beyond security:

• Reporting spills, broken equipment, poor lighting
• Flagging fire hazards or blocked exits
• Noting maintenance needs to building management
• Helping prevent workplace injuries

Administrative Support

20. Provide Administrative Assistance

Many guards support building operations:

• Managing after-hours phone inquiries
• Accepting and logging deliveries
• Coordinating with maintenance personnel
• Serving as a liaison with local police and fire departments

Types of Security Guards

Different environments require different security specializations.

Building & Commercial Security

Security for office buildings, corporate campuses, and mixed-use properties. Focus on access control, tenant relations, and professional presence. Learn more about commercial real estate security services.

Residential Security

Protection for apartment complexes, condos, and gated communities. Emphasis on resident safety and controlled entry. Explore our residential security services.

Retail Security

Loss prevention, customer safety, and de-escalation of shoplifting or disturbance situations. See our retail security services.

Construction Site Security

24/7 protection of equipment, materials, and the site itself—especially during non-working hours when theft risk is highest. Our construction security services help protect your investment.

Event Security

Temporary deployments for concerts, conferences, and special occasions. Crowd management and emergency response are critical.

Healthcare Security

Hospital and medical facility protection, including patient watch, emergency department security, and workplace violence prevention. Read about security in healthcare.

For a deeper overview, see our complete guide to the types of security guards.

What Security Guards Cannot Do

Understanding legal limits is important for property managers:

• Cannot act as police: Security guards are not law enforcement officers. They may detain suspects in limited circumstances (citizen’s arrest) but must hand over to police.
• Cannot use excessive force: Any physical intervention must be reasonable and proportional to the threat.
• Cannot search without consent: Bag checks and personal searches require permission (though access may be denied to those who refuse).
• Cannot enter private property: Without owner permission, guards cannot enter homes or locked private areas.

Reputable security companies train officers on these legal boundaries to protect both clients and the public. Read more about the legal responsibilities of security guard services.

Training & Qualifications

Professional security officers undergo extensive training:

• State licensing: Most states require security guard licenses with background checks. See our guide to getting your NYS security guard license.
• Basic training: Legal powers, patrol techniques, report writing, communication
• First aid/CPR: Many guards are certified in emergency medical response
• Site-specific training: Each property has unique protocols and layouts
• Ongoing education: Regular updates on policies, technology, and best practices

At Building Security Services, our officers receive training that exceeds New York and New Jersey state requirements, with continuous development throughout their careers. Learn more about security guard training in NYC.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main duty of a security guard?

The primary duty is protecting people and property. This encompasses surveillance, access control, emergency response, and deterrence of criminal activity.

Do security guards have the authority to arrest people?

Security guards can perform a citizen’s arrest in limited circumstances, typically when they directly witness a crime. They must immediately turn the individual over to police.

What skills do security guards need?

Key skills include observation, communication, conflict resolution, physical fitness, report writing, and familiarity with security technology. Read our full breakdown of the skills and qualities of security officers.

How many security guards does a building need?

This depends on the building’s size, layout, hours of operation, and risk profile. Building Security Services provides free security assessments to help determine appropriate staffing levels.

Can security guards carry weapons?

Some guards are licensed to carry firearms (armed security). Unarmed security is more common in commercial and residential settings. Both require appropriate training and licensing.

Professional Security for NYC & NJ Properties

Building Security Services has protected commercial and residential properties across New York City and New Jersey for over 40 years. Our officers are trained in all 20 duties described above, and they understand the unique challenges of urban property security.

Whether you need commercial real estate security, residential protection, or construction site security, our team is ready to help.

Contact us for a free security assessment:

• Phone: (973) 414-1111 (NJ) | (212) 687-1711 (NYC)
• Email: info@buildingsecurity.com

Sources & References

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics — Occupational Outlook Handbook: Security Guards and Gambling Surveillance Officers (2024 data)
• Ariel, B., Bland, M., & Sutherland, A. (2017). “Lowering the threshold of effective deterrence—Testing the effect of private security agents in public spaces on crime.” PLOS ONE. PMC5718484
• ASIS International — Security management best practices and industry research